Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is a structured ABA teaching method that breaks skills into small, teachable components. Each “trial” has five parts: a cue (SD), an optional prompt, a response, a consequence, and a brief pause. DTT is used to teach everything from labeling objects to social skills, and is one of the most tested concepts on the RBT® exam.
The 5 Components of a Discrete Trial
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
The therapist presents a clear instruction or cue. This tells the learner that reinforcement is available for a correct response.
Example: The RBT places three picture cards on the table and says, "Touch dog."
Prompt (if needed)
If the learner doesn't respond or responds incorrectly, the therapist provides assistance. Prompts are faded over time to build independence.
Example: The RBT gently guides the child's hand toward the dog card (physical prompt).
Response
The learner performs a behavior — either correct, incorrect, or no response. The therapist records the response for data collection.
Example: The child touches the dog card independently.
Consequence
The therapist delivers a consequence based on the response. Correct responses receive reinforcement; incorrect responses receive a correction procedure.
Example: Correct: "Great job! That IS the dog!" + token/preferred item. Incorrect: "Let me show you" + model correct response.
Inter-Trial Interval (ITI)
A brief pause (1-5 seconds) between trials. This creates a clear separation between each learning opportunity and gives the learner a moment to reset.
Example: The RBT pauses for 3 seconds, clears the cards, and re-presents them in a new arrangement.
Common DTT Mistakes (Avoid These on the Exam)
- ✕Running trials too fast without clear ITIs — the learner can't distinguish between trials.
- ✕Delivering reinforcement for prompted responses the same way as independent responses.
- ✕Using the same prompt level repeatedly instead of fading prompts systematically.
- ✕Not collecting data during sessions — you can't measure progress without data.
- ✕Presenting the SD before the learner is attending (looking at materials, seated, etc.).
Practice DTT Questions
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